![]() ![]() ![]() With the advent of high-power computers and voluminous data, many exploratory techniques have been developed in data science. Additionally, it can also be operated with Bayesian statistics and resampling side by side. ![]() Rather, it complements traditional confirmatory data analysis (CDA) by generating a working hypothesis, as well as spotting outliers and assumption violations that might invalidate CDA. Because EDA endorses open-mindedness and triangulation, it is not a standalone approach. Hence, prematurely adopting a specific statistical model would hinder the researchers from considering different possible solutions. However, in many stages of inquiry, the working questions are non-probabilistic and the focal point should be the data at hand rather than the probabilistic inference in the long run. Classical statistics aims to infer from the sample to the population based on the probability as the relative frequency in the long run. Mathematics is secondary in the sense that it is a tool for understanding the data. Tukey emphasizes the role of data analysis in research, rather than mathematics, statistics, and probability. Rather, it is a systematic way to investigate relevant information from multiple perspectives. ![]() By the same token, EDA is not “fishing” or “torturing” the data set until it confesses. Instead, he or she collects clues related to the central question of the case. A detective does not collect just any information. In EDA, the role of the researcher is to explore the data in as many ways as possible until a plausible “story” emerges. This research tradition was founded by John Tukey, who often relates EDA to detective work. It is difficult to obtain a clear-cut answer from “messy” human phenomena, and thus the exploratory character of EDA is very suitable to psychological research. EDA is a philosophy or an attitude about how data analysis should be carried out, rather than being a fixed set of techniques. Exploratory data analysis (EDA) is a strategy of data analysis that emphasizes maintaining an open mind to alternative possibilities. ![]()
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